Types of inhalers (nebulizers)

The main function of the inhaler is to generate an aerosol, that is, a gas with suspended particles of solid substances (powder) or liquids (solution, suspension) containing the drug. Inhaling it, the patient enters the drug (anti-inflammatory, expanding the bronchi or to dilute the secretion in the respiratory tract) exactly in the place where the disease occurs. Treatment is more effective and faster than in the case of taking syrups or tablets, without causing side effects in the body.

Inhaler – what is it and how does it work?

Different types of inhalers are currently available on the market. Standard (pocket) inhalers include pressure inhalers, as well as dry powder inhalers. Many adults, especially the elderly, and children under 5 years of age to master the art of proper use of the device under pressure is almost impossible (if you do not buy a special nozzle with a mask).

But both toddlers and the elderly can easily inhale medications thanks to another, more technologically advanced group of devices of this type, namely, spray inhalers, known as nebulizers. Aerosol is generated automatically in them, usually in continuous mode, although there are nebulizers and pulsating ones.

The task is only to calmly inhale through a mouthpiece or mask. Nebulizers pulverize the liquid drug, turning it into an aerosol (mist) containing millions of microscopic droplets that enter the deepest parts of the respiratory tract.

Types of inhalers (nebulizers)

Depending on the force responsible for the formation and spraying of medical aerosol, the following types of nebulizers are distinguished:

1. Pneumatic (most often used) - aerosol in them is formed under the influence of compressed gas. The device consists of a medicine container with a spray nozzle connected by a wire to an air compressor. It must be plugged into an outlet. The main advantages are the ability to use with any type of drugs and an affordable price. The only drawback is the high noise level, which reduces the usability of the device and may cause the child anxiety.
2. Membrane to create an aerosol in the result of extruding the liquid drug through thousands of tiny holes. Advantages-compact design; battery or battery powered; quiet operation. However, they have a high price, as well as restrictions on taking certain medications.
3. Ultrasonic-the aerosol is created by a sound wave, the source of which is an ultrasonic head (piezoelectric crystal). Silent operation; have high performance and good quality of high-density aerosol; can run on batteries. Among the disadvantages – high cost; the ability to use only certain groups of medicines; rather large dimensions.

You can't specify the best model that works for everyone. The best type of nebulizer is the one that best meets the doctor's prescribed treatment, as well as the patient's personal needs.

How to choose the perfect inhaler for yourself?

There are several factors to consider when purchasing a nebulizer. The most important ones are:

1. The size of the particles to which the inhaler sprays the medicine. The abbreviation MMAD means that half of the particles in the aerosol cloud have a certain diameter, expressed in nanometers; and FPF – determines the percentage of particles produced by the nebulizer, whose size is less than 5 microns, that is, reaches the lower respiratory tract when inhaled.
2. The type of medications you will use it with.
3. Spray rate, which affects the duration of inhalation.
4. The age of the people who will use the device. For small children, the noise level should not exceed 60 dB. And if the kit is equipped with a compressor, you should choose a model with a long hose, which will allow you to place it away from the baby.
5. Take into account the number of people who will use the nebulizer. If there are several people and they are of different ages, it is important to have an inhaler with the ability to adjust the spray speed, which should be slower for children. It also matters whether it can be combined with mouthpieces or masks of different sizes.
6. The conditions in which inhalations will be performed (only at home or in other places).

If several devices meet the basic conditions, the final choice can be made by analyzing the less important parameters. For example, additional equipment in the form of a spare mask or mouthpiece, or a bag in which it can be Packed and comfortably transported. For a child, it may be important that the compressor in the set is colorful or shaped like a toy.

When should I use a nebulizer?

Inhalation therapy using nebulizers is recommended for the treatment of many diseases of the lower and upper respiratory tract, not only in children, but also in adults. Diseases in which drugs are administered through such inhalers:

• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD);
• asthma;
• chronic rhinitis;
• pharyngitis;
• inflammation of the larynx;
• sinusitis;
• bronchitis;
• pneumonia;
• emphysema;
• fungal infection of the respiratory tract, etc.

These devices are also used to moisten the Airways of patients on artificial ventilation.

How to use an inhaler?

To increase the effectiveness of treatment, a person should sit (or lie down) with their head slightly tilted. It is important that the aerosol is inhaled through the mouthpiece, and if this is not possible, then through a mask that is tailored to the size of the face and fits properly. In this regard, masks with soft seals are best suited. During inhalation, you need to breathe calmly and deeply. Therefore, when the child cries and his breathing becomes shallow, the procedure should be stopped, as it does not make much sense.